直接体积成像的实验研究

本文报道了对锥形束Ｘ线下的直接体积重建进行了实验研究，该实验装置包含了铝棒、有机玻璃和空气棒的实体模型、锥形束Ｘ线源，放置系统，荧光屏、增强器、ＣＣＤ摄像机、图像采集器和躲开计算机，实验结果表明，利用现有的Ｘ线诊断设备，可进行直接体积成像。     

中医药从肾论治与安妥明或脉通医治高脂血症的疗效对比分析(附30例报告)

现今的降血脂西药多只能扭转高血脂症的血脂过多,尚不能满意地控制由本症引起的一些全身多种器官(系统)的并发症。作者在一次临床实践中,对30例住院高脂血症患者进行了中医药从“肾”论治的试验性治疗。治疗方案为,将患者分为(甲)肝肾阴虚气滞血瘀型,和(乙)肾阴阳俱虚气滞血瘀型,然后对甲、乙两型分别给予相应的复方汤剂治疗;一个月后,将疗效与先服用西药安妥明(或脉通)阶段的疗效进行对比分析。服用安妥明阶段(15例)或服用脉通阶段(15例)属自身对照性质,先于从“肾”论治时日一个月。供对比分析的具体监测指标为:TG、T-CH、ApoB 共三个指标之降低,HDL-Ch、ApoA(?)等共四个指标之升高,以及心律失常、传导阻滞共5种心电图异常患者数之减少。前、后两种疗程结束后的两种结果显示:(1)血生化的改变,从“肾”论治阶段所有7个指标之降低(升高)均非常显著(P 均<0.001);(2)就安妥明组与脉通组之间的对比来说,仅那3个应降指标各各的对比非常显著(P 均<0.001);(3)5种心电图异常患者数的减少程度方面,从“肾”论治阶段者似明显地大于安妥明(脉通)组者,特别是各种传导阻滞患者数的减少程度〔4→2vs2→2(2→2)〕。     

In vivo binding of [123I]4-(2′-methoxy phenyl)-1-[2′-(N-2″-pyridinyl)-P-iodobenzamido-]ethyl-piperazine,p-MPPI,to 5-HT1A receptors in rat brain

The in vivo regional distribution and pharmacological profile of a novel iodinated phenylpiperazine derivative, [¹²³I]p-MPPI (4-(2′-methoxy-)phenyl-l-[2′-(N-2″pyridinyl)-p-iodobenzamido-]ethyl-piperazine), in the rat brain were evaluated for use as a potential in vivo imaging agent for 5-HT_1A receptors. The new ligand penetrated the blood-brain barrier quickly and efficiently, with 1.2% of the injected dose found in the whole brain at 2 min post i.v. injection. The rate of radioactivity washout was slowest from the hippocampal region, followed by the hypothalamus, cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. The maximum ratio of hippocampus/cerebellum was 3.3 at 30 min postinjection. The specific binding of the radioligand in the hippocampal region, an area rich in 5-HT_1A receptor density, was blocked by pretreatment with a dose of (±) 8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v.) or WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the regional distribution of [¹²³I]p-MPPI was unaffected by pretreatment with non-5-HT_1A agents such as ketanserin or haloperidol. Ex vivo autoradiographic studies further confirmed that the specific binding of [¹²³I]p- MPPI is associated with 5-HT_1A receptor sites. These results indicate that [¹²³I]p-MPPI may be a useful candidate for noninvasive single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of 5-HT_1A receptor sites in the living human brain. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

钙调蛋白基因和生长激素受体基因多态性与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸关联性的初步研究

目的：研究钙调蛋白基因（CALM1基因）和生长激素受体基因（GHR基因）在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）发病机制中发挥的效应,以及候选基因多态性与AIS危险因素是否存在交互效应和基因一基因交互效应。方法：采用病例一对照研究方法。AIS病例组为严格依纳入标准入选的MS患者,同时收集相应的性别年龄匹配的对照样本。在获得知情同意后取外周静脉血提取DNA。选择侯选基因的可疑SNP位点,进行PCR扩增和基因测序;使用关联分析方法将所得结果进行统计学分析,研究病例与对照组之间的多态性分布差异,以及基因与基因之间的相互关系。根据AIS的危险因素设计临床调查问卷,并对所有样本进行调查,将临床资料和实验室结果相结合,研究基因一临床表型之间的关系。结果：AIS患者具有更高的术后矫正身高和更早的发育高峰时间。CALM1基因-16C〉T位点CC基因型和GHR基因1526L位点纯合基因型在AIS病例组分布频率高于对照组。GHR基因的SNP03G-5A、SNP03G-5C单倍型频率在AIS病例组和对照组中频率分布有显著差异,且频率高于10％。GHR基因1526L位点（1526L）的纯合基因型（记为PP）与褪黑素受体基因1B的纯合基因型（记为GG）组合（记为PPGG）在AIS病例组分布频率显著高于对照组。AIS病例组GHR基因1526L位点为纯合基因型患者的术后矫正身高高于杂合型的患者,其发育高峰时间早于杂合型的患者。结论：CALM1基因启动子区的-16C〉T位点CC基因型和GHR基因的1526L位点的纯合基因型可能与AIS的易感性相关。     

Correlation between expression of DcR3 on tumor cells and sensitivity to FasL

To investigate the correlation between sensitivity to Fas ligand （FasL） and expression level of decoy receptor 3 （DcR3） on tumor cell surface, Fas/DcR3 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Anti-DcR3 mAb was used to detect expression level of DcR3 on surface of tumor cells by flow cytometry. Caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 expressions were analyzed by Western blot, respectively. Sensitivity to apoptosis induced by FasL was determined by Annexin V apoptosis kit. The expressions of DcR3 on the surface of tumor cells from high to low were approximately 35.3% in BGC823 cells, and 21.6% in MCF-7 cells, respectively. The apoptotic rates induced by FasL from low to high were 15.6% in BGC823 cells, and 58.2% in MCF-7 cells, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the expression levels of DcR3 with FasL-inducing apoptosis. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.     

Utility of feeding jejunostomy in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy with a high risk of anastomotic leakage

BackgroundFeeding jejunostomy is widely used for enteral nutrition (EN) after esophagectomy; however, its risks and benefits are still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of feeding jejunal tube (FJT) in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who were deemed high-risk for anastomotic leakage.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 716 patients who underwent esophagectomy with (FJT group, n=68) or without (control group, n=648) intraoperative placement of FJT. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used for the adjustment of confounding factors. Risk level for anastomotic leakage was determined for every patient after PSM.ResultsPatients in the FJT group were at higher risk of anastomotic leakage (14.9% vs. 11.3%), and had a statistically non-significant increase of postoperative complications [31.3% vs. 21.8%, odds ratio (OR) =1.139, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.947–1.370, P=0.141] after PSM. Medical expenditure, length of postoperative hospital stay, and short-term mortality were similar between the FJT and control groups. Placement of FJT appeared to accelerate the recovery of anastomotic leakage (27.2 vs. 37.4 d, P=0.073). Patients in FJT group achieved comparable overall survival (OS) both before [hazard ratio (HR) =0.850, P=0.390] and after (HR =0.797, P=0.292) PSM.ConclusionsFJT showed acceptable safety profile along with potential benefits for ESCC patients with a high presumed risk of anastomotic leakage. While FJT does not impact OS, placement of FJT should be considered in esophagectomy patients and tailored to individual patients based on their leak-risk profile.     

肺门Castleman病一例并文献复习

目的提高对肺门Castleman病的认识。方法报道山西省肿瘤医院2019年10月收治的1例肺门Castleman病患者的诊疗情况,并结合文献进行复习。结果气管镜下穿刺病理活组织检查提示淋巴组织中见少量深染挤压的小细胞,倾向小细胞癌,免疫组织化学结果示Vim、CD3、CD20均阳性,符合淋巴结组织表现。行全身麻醉电视胸腔镜辅助下右肺门肿物切除术,术后病理确诊为Castleman病,预后良好。结论肺门Castleman病临床表现无特异性,容易误诊,必要时可行穿刺或手术切除病理活组织检查确诊。     

Exosome-delivered miR-221/222 exacerbates tumor liver metastasis by targeting SPINT1 in colorectal cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of many cancers through largely unelucidated mechanisms. The results of our present study identified a gene cluster, miR-221/222, that is constitutively upregulated in serum exosome samples of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with liver metastasis (LM); this upregulation predicts a poor overall survival rate. Using an in vitro cell coculture model, we demonstrated that CRC exosomes harboring miR-221/222 activate liver hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by suppressing SPINT1 expression. Importantly, miR-221/222 plays a key role in forming a favorable premetastatic niche (PMN) that leads to the aggressive nature of CRC, which was further shown through in vivo studies. Overall, our results show that exosomal miR-221/222 promotes CRC progression and may serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC with LM.     

湖沼地区预测钉螺数量的模型研究

目的探讨并建立湖沼地区钉螺数量的预测模型,为钉螺的定量化研究提供方法学依据。方法在安徽省贵池区秋浦河沿岸随机数字表法随机选择滩地作为研究现场,根据植被类型分层随机抽样,以交叉复核随机抽检法（随机数字表法）调查钉螺,分别用差分GPS仪、T＆D Recorder for Windows、卷尺及烘干称重法收集高程、土壤温度（简称土温）和气温、植被高度、土壤湿度（简称土湿）和植被类型6个环境变量信息。对数据进行预处理,通过偏差量和Akaike信息准则比较不同误差分布和连接函数组合的广义线性模型,确定最佳模型结构,建立并验证预测模型效果。结果建模样本量为162框,变量之间存在着复杂的相关性,钉螺数与植被高度呈正相关（r=0．36）,与土湿呈负相关（r=-0.22）,气温与土温呈正相关（r=0．59）,土温与植被高度呈负相关（r=-0．36）,土湿与土温和气温均呈负相关（r=-0.34和-0．12）。广义线性模型的最佳结构是以gamma分布为误差分布、倒数为连接函数和均数平方为方差函数的模型结构。模型拟合结果显示高程、土湿、土温、植被类型和植被高度对于预测钉螺的数量有统计学意义,t值分别为-3．202,3．124,-1．989,2．668和-2．371,P值分别为0．00166,0．00214,0．04849,0．00846和0．01897,而气温的作用被土温取代没有进入模型。结论广义线性模型可用于建立钉螺的预测模型,为钉螺的定量化研究提供了广阔的研究前景。